GENEVA, SWITZERLAND / RankWire.AI / – Global health organizations are emphasizing the importance of enhanced readiness as El Niño strengthens and escalates climate-related health dangers. The World Meteorological Organization predicts that the phenomenon will reach very strong intensities before the conclusion of 2026. Key concerns include extreme heat, drought, flooding, wildfire smoke, and deteriorating air quality. Variations in rainfall are also likely to strain food production, water resources, and healthcare systems in vulnerable regions.
Forecasts indicate an almost certain persistence of El Niño through February 2027. The current event is fueled by unusually warm waters across the tropical Pacific, with the most intense conditions anticipated toward late 2026. Such shifts can significantly alter rainfall and temperature patterns globally, potentially causing drought in some areas and heightened flood risks in others. Temperatures are also expected to rise during seasonal hot periods, intensifying heat-related health issues.
Celeste Saulo, the secretary-general of WMO, has urged for closer collaboration between meteorological services and health agencies. She stressed the importance of integrating climate data into public health strategies and early warning mechanisms. Urban areas are particularly vulnerable, as infrastructure and roads tend to absorb and retain heat. Older adults, children, and outdoor workers face increased risks during extended hot spells. Individuals with pre-existing health conditions may experience amplified effects when high temperatures persist.
Health infrastructures face broader climate-induced challenges
World Health Organization released a comprehensive global health assessment on El Niño in September. Its purpose is to promote preparedness, surveillance, and prompt action by health authorities at national and regional levels. The report highlights risks associated with heat, water security, infectious diseases, and nutrition. It recommends using seasonal climate forecasts to pinpoint periods of heightened danger and underscores the importance of monitoring vulnerable populations as rainfall and temperature patterns evolve.
Warmer climatic conditions and altered rainfall can create ideal breeding grounds for several mosquito-borne illnesses. Health authorities are actively tracking threats such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika. Flooding and water supply disruptions can also raise concerns over cholera in susceptible communities. Drought conditions threaten crops, diminish water availability, and exacerbate food insecurity. Currently, over 150 million people are experiencing acute food insecurity, which adds to the stress on regions affected by climate disruptions.
Rising temperatures exacerbate disease and food security challenges
As El Niño nears its peak in late 2026, southern Africa, South America, and Australia will enter their warmer seasons. This increases focus on risks related to heatwaves, droughts, wildfires, and air quality issues. Elevated temperatures can worsen health conditions such as cardiovascular, respiratory, kidney, and metabolic disorders. Hot weather also impacts mental health and hampers nighttime recovery, especially in poorly ventilated homes. Smoke from wildfires presents an additional respiratory hazard, notably for those with asthma and other lung conditions.
Both climate and health organizations are ramping up efforts to link weather predictions with public health decision-making. The WMO collaborates with partners to enhance climate services for health authorities and emergency planners. Meanwhile, the WHO continues to focus on disease surveillance, preparedness, and swift response as El Niño develops. Early warning systems are identified as a critical tool for mitigating health risks, with guidance emphasizing the use of reliable climate data to enable timely action across affected regions.